Serum Uric Acid Level and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with Diabetes Insipidus / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the level of serum uric acid in patients with diabetes insipidus (DI),summarize the clinical characteristics of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) patients with hyperuricemia (HUA),and analyze the factors affecting the level of serum uric acid in the patients with CDI. Methods The clinical data of DI patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were assigned into a child and adolescent group (≤ 18 years old) and an adult group (>18 years old) according to their ages.The demographic and biochemical data between two groups of patients with and without HUA were compared.Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the correlations between serum uric acid level and other factors. Results Among the 420 DI patients,411 patients had CDI (97.9%),including 189 patients with HUA (46.0%).Thirteen (6.9%) out of the 189 CDI patients with HUA presented the disappearance of thirst.The prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults (χ2=4.193,P=0.041).The level of serum uric acid in the CDI patients with HUA and disappearance of thirst was higher than those without disappearance of thirst (U=2.593,P=0.010).The multiple linear regression predicted serum creatinine (β=0.472,95%CI=2.451-4.381,P<0.001) and body mass index (β=0.387,95%CI=6.18-12.874,P<0.001) as the independent risk factors of serum uric acid level increment in children and adolescents,while serum creatinine (β=0.361,95%CI=1.016-1.785,P<0.001),body mass index (β=0.208,95%CI=2.321-6.702,P<0.001),triglyceride (β=0.268,95%CI=12.936-28.840,P<0.001),and total cholesterol (β=0.129,95%CI=2.708-22.250,P=0.013) were the independent risk factors in adults. Conclusions The patients with CDI were more likely to have HUA,and the prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults.Body mass index,serum creatinine,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and disappearance of thirst were the risk factors for the increased level of serum uric acid in CDI patients.

Assessing the impact of educational methods on influenza vaccine uptake and patient knowledge and attitudes: a randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION@#Although influenza vaccination reduces rates of pneumonia, hospitalisation and mortality, influenza vaccination uptake remains low in older patients. The primary aim was to compare individualised counselling with educational pamphlets alone in improving influenza vaccination uptake. The secondary aims were to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination and factors influencing uptake.@*METHODS@#A randomised controlled study was conducted in two government polyclinics with 160 participants per arm. Patients aged 65 years and above attending for doctor consultation were recruited. All participants received an educational pamphlet on influenza vaccination. The intervention group received additional face-to-face counselling. Participants filled a pre- and postintervention questionnaire assessing knowledge of influenza and attitudes towards the vaccine. Follow-up calls and verification of electronic records was done at three months to determine actual vaccine uptake.@*RESULTS@#At three months, 16 (10%) patients in the intervention group and 20 (12.5%) patients in the control group had completed influenza vaccination (P = 0.48). Factors positively associated with vaccine uptake were willingness to receive vaccination immediately after intervention (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.42-33.38), and male gender (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.23-7.12). Individualised counselling was more effective in improving knowledge (P < 0.01). Overall knowledge scores did not influence actual vaccine uptake rates. (adjusted OR 1.10 [0.90-1.3]).@*CONCLUSION@#Both arms of patient education increased uptake of influenza vaccination. Individualised counselling was not superior to pamphlets alone in improving uptake. Performing vaccination at the initial point of contact improves actual uptake rates.

Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway on migration ability of HaCaT cells and full-thickness skin defects in mice / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway on the migration ability of HaCaT cells and full-thickness skin defects in mice. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. According to the random number table (the same below), HaCaT cells were divided into the normal oxygen group and the hypoxia group cultured under hypoxia (with oxygen volume fraction of 1%, the same below) condition. After 24 hours of culture, the significantly differentially expressed genes between the 2 groups were screened using the microarray confidence analysis software SAM4.01. The significance of the number of each gene in the signaling pathway was analyzed through the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes to screen the significantly differentially signaling pathways (n=3). HaCaT cells were cultured for 0 (immediately), 3, 6, 12, and 24 h under hypoxia condition. The secretion level of TNF-α was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the number of samples was 5. HaCaT cells were divided into normal oxygen group, hypoxia alone group, and hypoxia+inhibitor group cultured with FR180204 (an ERK inhibitor) and under hypoxia condition. The cells were cultured for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The migration ability of the cells was detected by scratch test (n=12). The expressions of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in HaCaT cells were detected by Western blotting under hypoxic condition for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (n=3). Sixty-four BALB/c male mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were used to make a full-thickness skin defect wound model on the dorsum of the mice. The mice were divided into the blank control group and the inhibitor group treated with FR180204, with 32 mice in each group being treated accordingly. On post injury day (PID) 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, the wound conditions of mice were observed and the healing rate was calculated (n=8). On PID 1, 3, 6, and 15, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe neovascularization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and epidermal regeneration on wound, Masson staining was used to observe collagen deposition on wound, the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-p38, p-ERK12, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin in wound tissue were detected by Western blotting (n=6), the number of Ki67 positive cells and the absorbance value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry (n=5), the protein expressions of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, and CCL20 in wound tissue were detected by ELISA (n=6). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, factorial design analysis of variance, Tukey test, least significant difference test, and independent sample t test. Results: After 24 hours of culture, compared with normal oxygen group, 7 667 genes were up-regulated and 7 174 genes were down-regulated in cells in hypoxic group. Among the above differentially expressed genes, the TNF-α signaling pathway had significant change (P<0.05) with large number of genes. Under hypoxia condition, the expression of TNF-α at 24 h of cell culture was (11.1±2.1) pg/mL, which was significantly higher than (1.9±0.3) pg/mL at 0 h (P<0.05). Compared with normal oxygen group, the migration ability of cells in hypoxia alone group was significantly enhanced at 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (with t values of 2.27, 4.65, and 4.67, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia alone group, the migration ability of cells in hypoxia+inhibitor group was significantly decreased at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (with t values of 2.43, 3.06, 4.62, and 8.14, respectively, P<0.05). Under hypoxia condition, the expressions of p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2, and N-cadherin were increased significantly at 12 and 24 h of cell culture compared with 0 h of culture (P<0.05), the expression of p-p38 was significantly increased at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (P<0.05), the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased at 6, 12, and 24 h of cell culture (P<0.05), the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-NF-κB, and E-cadherin was time-dependent. Compared with blank control group, on PID 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, the wound healing rate of mice in inhibitor group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); there were more inflammatory cell infiltration around the wound edge of mice in inhibitor group on PID 3, 6, and 15, especially on PID 15, a large number of tissue necrosis and discontinuous new epidermal layer were observed on the wound surface, and collagen synthesis and new blood vessels were reduced; the expression of p-NF-κB in the wound of mice in inhibitor group was significantly decreased on PID 3 and 6 (with t values of 3.26 and 4.26, respectively, P<0.05) but significantly increased on PID 15 (t=3.25, P<0.05), the expressions of p-p38 and N-cadherin were significantly decreased on PID 1, 3, and 6 (with t values of 4.89, 2.98, 3.98, 9.51, 11.69, and 4.10, respectively, P<0.05), the expression of p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased on PID 1, 3, 6, and 15 (with t values of 26.69, 3.63, 5.12, and 5.14, respectively, P<0.05), the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased on PID 1 (t=20.67, P<0.05) but significantly increased on PID 6 (t=2.90, P<0.05); the number of Ki67 positive cells and absorbance value of VEGF of wound in inhibitor group were significantly decreased on PID 3, 6, and 15 (with t values of 4.20, 7.35, 3.34, 4.14, 3.20, and 3.73, respectively, P<0.05); the expression of IL-10 in the wound tissue of the inhibitor group was significantly decreased on PID 6 (t=2.92, P<0.05), the expression of IL-6 was significantly increased on PID 6 (t=2.73, P<0.05), the expression of IL-1β was significantly increased on PID 15 (t=3.46, P<0.05), and CCL20 expression levels were significantly decreased on PID 1 and 6 (with t values of 3.96 and 2.63, respectively, P<0.05) but significantly increased on PID 15 (t=3.68, P<0.05). Conclusions: The TNF-α/ERK pathway can promote the migration of HaCaT cells, and regulate the healing of full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice by affecting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Establishment of Multiplex Amplification System of STR Loci in Felis Catus and Its Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To construct a Felis catus STR loci multiplex amplification system and to evaluate its application value by testing the technical performance.@*METHODS@#The published Felis catus STR loci data were reviewed and analyzed to select the STR loci and sex identification loci that could be used for Felis catus individual identification and genetic identification. The fluorescent labeling primers were designed to construct the multiplex amplification system. The system was validated for sensitivity, accuracy, balance, stability, species specificity, tissue identity and mixture analysis, and investigated the genetic polymorphisms in 145 unrelated Felis catus samples.@*RESULTS@#Sixteen Felis catus autosomal STR loci and one sex determining region of Y (SRY) were successfully selected, and constructed a multiplex amplification system containing the above loci. The complete profile of all alleles could still be obtained when the amount of DNA template was as low as 0.25 ng. There was no specific amplification peak in other common animal samples. Population genetic surveys showed that total discrimination power (TDP) of the 16 STR loci was 1-3.57×10-20, the cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) was 1-6.35×10-5 and the cumulative probability of matching was 3.61×10-20.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Felis catus STR multiplex amplification system constructed in this study is highly sensitive, species-specific, and accurate in typing results, which can provide an effective solution for Felis catus species identification, individual identification and kinship identification in the field of forensic science.

Danlou Tablet Improves Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Dyslipidemia and Arteriosclerosis by HIF-1α-Angptl4 mRNA Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect whether Danlou Tablet (DLT) regulates the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α-angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) mRNA signaling pathway and explore the role of DLT in treating chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis.@*METHODS@#The mature adipocytes were obtained from 3T3-L1 cell culturation and allocated into 8 groups including control groups (Groups 1 and 5, 0.1 mL of cell culture grade water); DLT groups (Groups 2 and 6, 0.1 mL of 1,000 µg/mL DLT submicron powder solution); dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) groups (Groups 3 and 7, DMOG and 0.1 mL of cell culture grade water); DMOG plus DLT groups (Groups 4 and 8, DMOG and 0.1 mL of 1,000 µg/mL DLT submicron powder solution). Groups 1-4 used mature adipocytes and groups 5-8 used HIF-1 α-siRNA lentivirus-transfected mature adipocytes. After 24-h treatment, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1 α and Angptl4. In animal experiments, the CIH model in ApoE-/- mice was established. Sixteen mice were complete randomly divided into 4 groups including sham group, CIH model group [intermittent hypoxia and normal saline (2 mL/time) gavage once a day]; Angptl4 Ab group [intermittent hypoxia and Angptl4 antibody (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected every week]; DLT group [intermittent hypoxia and DLT (250 mg/kg) once a day], 4 mice in each group. After 4-week treatment, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Hematoxylin-eosin and CD68 staining were used to observe the morphological properties of arterial plaques.@*RESULTS@#Angptl4 expression was dependent on HIF-1 α, with a reduction in mRNA expression and no response in protein level to DMOG or DLT treatment in relation to siHIF-1 α -transfected cells. DLT inhibited HIF-1 α and Angptl4 mRNA expression (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and reduced HIF-1 α and Angptl4 protein expressions with DMOG in mature adipocytes (all P<0.01), as the effect on HIF-1 α protein also existed in the presence of siHIF-1 α (P<0.01). ApoE-/- mice treated with CIH had increased TG and TC levels (all P<0.01) and atherosclerotic plaque. Angptl4 antibody and DLT both reduce TG and TC levels (all P<0.01), as well as reducing atherosclerotic plaque areas, narrowing arterial wall thickness and alleviating atherosclerotic lesion symptoms to some extent.@*CONCLUSION@#DLT had positive effects in improving dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis by inhibiting Angptl4 protein level through HIF-1 α-Angptl4 mRNA signaling pathway.

Investigation on freshwater crab populations and Paragonimus infections in the Minjiang River basin along the middle section of Wuyi Mountain / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the populations of freshwater crabs, the intermediate host of Paragonimus and Paragonimus infections in freshwater crabs in the Minjiang River basin along the middle section of Wuyi Mountain, so as to provide baseline data for parasitic disease control and research and expansion of the parasite resource bank. Methods From November 2020 to April 2021, freshwater crabs were sampled from streams and ditches neighboring residential areas in Jianning County and its neighboring Ninghua, Shaowu, Jiangle and Shunchang counties. The crab species was identified based on the morphological features of the terminal segment of the first abdominal appendage of male crabs, and Paragonimus infections were detected in freshwater crabs. The Paragonimus metacercariae were isolated, and the types of metacercariae were identified based on the metacercaria size, cystic wall thickness, and the excretory bladder and intestinal tract morphology. In addition, the prevalence, intensity and index of metacercaria infections were calculated in freshwater crabs. Results There were seven crab species found in Jianning County and six neighboring water systems along the Minjiang River basin, including Sinopotamon jianglense, S. fukinense, Huananpotamon lichuanense, H. lini, H. shenni, H. planopodum, Bottapotamon engelhardti, and there were metacercariae of three Paragonimus species detected in these crabs, including P. westermani, P. skrjabini and P. sanpingensis, with a prevalence rate of 43.6% (125/287). The infection rates of P. westermani, P. sanpingensis and P. skrjabini were 57.1% (48/84), 26.2% (22/84) and 61.8% (21/34) in S. jianglense, and the infection rates of P. westermani and P. sanpingensis were 52.6% (51/97) and 30.9% (30/97) in S. fukinense, while the rate of P. westermani infection was 6.9% (5/72) in H. lichuanense, which is the first record of P. westermani infections in H. lichuanense. Mixed P. westermani and P. sanpingensis infections were predominantly found in freshwater crabs sampled from Jianning County, where the rate of Paragonimus infections was 70.4% (76/108), with 15.3 metacercariae identified in each crab with Paragonimus infections and 1.9 metacercariae found in each gram of crabs with Paragonimus infections, and the index of metacercariae infections was 20.5. In addition, P. westermani, P. skrjabini and P. sanpingensi metacercariae were found in freshwater crabs sampled from Jianning-neighboring counties, where the rate of Paragonimus infections was 52.3% (56/107), with 9.8 metacercariae identified in each crab with Paragonimus infections and 0.9 metacercariae found in each gram of crabs with Paragonimus infections, and the index of metacercariae infections was 4.6. Conclusion There are multiple freshwater crab species and Paragonimus infection is high in freshwater crabs in Jianning County and its neighboring Minjiang River basin, which is a high-risk natural focus for Paragonimus infections.

Review on Mechanism of Multi-target Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Metabolic Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome （MS） includes insulin resistance （IR）， central obesity， chronic low-grade inflammation， oxidative stress， endoplasmic reticulum stress， elevated free fatty acid levels， intestinal flora imbalance， renin angiotensin system abnormality， and autophagy activity deficiency， etc. Most researchers believe that IR plays a central role in the pathogenesis of MS， and abdominal obesity is an important initial factor of MS. According to the incidence and clinical characteristics， MS is classified as "obesity" "pidan" " abdominal fullness " and other diseases. It is said that the pathogenesis of MS is related to the deficiency of spleen and kidney， the formation of phlegm， turbidity， blood stasis and other pathological products， which damage the body's functions of qi， blood， yin and yang. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in treating MS based on the holistic view and syndrome differentiation concept. It has multi-level， multi-target and multi-channel treatment characteristics. It can intervene insulin signal transduction， regulate adipocyte factor secretion level， relieve oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress response， regulate intestinal flora and renin angiotensin system， reduce free fatty acid level and regulation Autophagy and other ways to improve chronic low-grade inflammation and IR status， and then comprehensive prevention and treatment of MS and its complications. However， the following problems still exist：lack of high-quality randomized controlled clinical research and large sample real-world research， clinical unified diagnosis and treatment standard has not yet formed， lack of genetic animal model in basic research， relatively single signal pathway and target of experimental research， and difficulty in timely formation of clinical transformation of scientific research achievements. Therefore， we should make full use of modern scientific and technological means to carry out systematic and standardized multicenter， large sample， high-quality randomized controlled trials or real-world research， we should prepare perfect animal models， focus on the crosstalk relationship between multiple related cell signaling pathways， and actively explore the potential relationship between signaling pathways and prescription compatibility， so as to actively promote basic scientific research achievements Clinical practice may be the key research direction in the prevention and treatment of MS in TCM.

Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 as a Potential Biomarker in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma

Background/Aims@#Esophagogastric junction adenocarci-noma (EJA) is a malignant tumor associated with high mor-bidity and has attracted increasing attention due to a rising incidence and low survival rate. Pathological biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but noninvasive and effective tests are lacking, resulting in diagnoses at advanced stages.This study explored the diagnostic value of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) in EJA. @*Methods@#A total of 120 EJA patients and 88 normal controls were recruited, and their serum levels of IGFBP7 were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating character-istic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value, and Pearson chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between IGFBP7 and clinical parameters. Ka-plan-Meier survival analysis was carried out to assess the ef-fect of IGFBP7 on overall survival (OS). @*Results@#The levels of IGFBP7 were higher in both early- and late-stage EJA patients than in normal controls (p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve for EJA patients was 0.794 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.733 to 0.854), with a cutoff value of 2.716 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 63.3% (95% CI, 54.0% to 71.8%) and a specific-ity of 90.9% (95% CI, 82.4% to 95.7%). For the diagnosis of early-stage EJA, the same cutoff value and specificity were obtained, but the sensitivity of IGFBP7 was 54.3% (95% CI, 36.9% to 70.8%). Patients with low IGFBP7 protein expres-sion had lower OS than those with high expression (p=0.034).The multivariate analysis showed that IGFBP7 is an inde-pendent prognostic factor for EJA (p=0.011). @*Conclusions@#Serum IGFBP7 acts as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for EJA.

Spreading of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli ST131 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in patients with pneumonia: a molecular epidemiological study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are the important pathogens causing pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing pneumonia at a large teaching hospital in China.@*Methods@#We collected patient’s clinical data and ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains causing pneumonia (from December 2015 to June 2016) at a hospital in Wuhan. The susceptibilities, multi-locus sequence typing, homologous analysis, ESBL genes by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were determined.@*Results@#A total of 59 ESBL-producing strains (31 E. coli and 28 K. pneumoniae) isolated from patients with pneumonia were analyzed. The majority of strains were isolated from patients were with hospital-acquired pneumonia (37/59, 62.7%), followed by community-acquired pneumonia (13/59, 22.0%), and ventilator-related pneumonia (9/59, 15.3%). The E. coli ST131 (9 isolates, 29.0%) and K. pneumoniae ST11 (5 isolates, 17.9%) were the predominant sub-types. The most prevalent ESBL gene was CTX-M-14, followed by SHV-77, CTX-M-3, SHV-11, and CTX-M-27. At least 33 (55.9%) of the ESBL-producing strains carried two or more ESBL genes. The ISEcp1 and IS26 were found upstream of all blaCTX-M (CTX-Ms) and of most blaSHV (SHVs) (57.6%), respectively. Moreover, three ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 strains which were resistant to carbapenems carried the blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2, two of which also bearing blaOXA-48 were resistant to all antibiotics (including Tigecycline).@*Conclusions@#Hospital-acquired pneumonia is more likely correlated with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 and multi-drug resistance ESBL-producing, as well as New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases-2 (KPC-2) bearing K. pneumoniae ST11 are spreading in patients with pneumonia in hospital.

Spreading of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli ST131 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in patients with pneumonia: a molecular epidemiological study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are the important pathogens causing pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing pneumonia at a large teaching hospital in China.@*METHODS@#We collected patient's clinical data and ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains causing pneumonia (from December 2015 to June 2016) at a hospital in Wuhan. The susceptibilities, multi-locus sequence typing, homologous analysis, ESBL genes by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were determined.@*RESULTS@#A total of 59 ESBL-producing strains (31 E. coli and 28 K. pneumoniae) isolated from patients with pneumonia were analyzed. The majority of strains were isolated from patients were with hospital-acquired pneumonia (37/59, 62.7%), followed by community-acquired pneumonia (13/59, 22.0%), and ventilator-related pneumonia (9/59, 15.3%). The E. coli ST131 (9 isolates, 29.0%) and K. pneumoniae ST11 (5 isolates, 17.9%) were the predominant sub-types. The most prevalent ESBL gene was CTX-M-14, followed by SHV-77, CTX-M-3, SHV-11, and CTX-M-27. At least 33 (55.9%) of the ESBL-producing strains carried two or more ESBL genes. The ISEcp1 and IS26 were found upstream of all blaCTX-M (CTX-Ms) and of most blaSHV (SHVs) (57.6%), respectively. Moreover, three ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 strains which were resistant to carbapenems carried the blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2, two of which also bearing blaOXA-48 were resistant to all antibiotics (including Tigecycline).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hospital-acquired pneumonia is more likely correlated with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 and multi-drug resistance ESBL-producing, as well as New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases-2 (KPC-2) bearing K. pneumoniae ST11 are spreading in patients with pneumonia in hospital.

Determination of seven saponins components in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker / 中草药

Objective: To establish quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method for simultaneous determining the content of seven saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma, and to evaluate the adaptation and application of QAMS method in the quality control of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma. Methods: The relative factor (fs/i) of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, pseudoginsenoside RT1, chikusetsusaponin IV and a were established by HPLC method with chikusetsusaponin V as internal standard, which were used to calculate the content of seven saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma. Meanwhile, external standard method (ESM) was used to calculate the content of seven saponins. The difference between QAMS and ESM was analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of QAMS. Results: The fs/i of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, pseudoginsenoside RT1, chikusetsusaponin IV and IVa were 1.286 7, 1.432 7, 0.966 6, 0.962 4, 1.207 2, and 0.938 4. There was no significant difference between the content of 10 batches of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma determined by QAMS and ESM. Conclusion: The established QAMS method is accurate and can be used for quantitative analysis and quality evaluation of the content of seven saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma.

Research advances in the regulation of cardiovascular metabolic disorders and its related risk factors by C1q/TNF related proteins / 生理学报

The complement C1q/TNF related protein (CTRP) family is rapidly growing and currently comprises 15 members. Although CTRP proteins share a common structure composed of four distinct domains: a signal peptide at the N terminus, a short variable region, a collagenous domain, and a C-terminal globular domain, which is homologous to adiponectin, each CTRP has a unique tissue expression profile and varied function. In this review we focus on the biochemistry and pleiotropic functions of CTRPs as new molecular mediators regulating cardiovascular metabolic disorders and its related risk factors diseases.

Hepatocytes apoptosis induced by β1-adrenoceptor autoantibody is involved in hepatic dysfunction / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of β1-Adrenoceptor autoantibody on liver function.Methods The biologically active of β1-AA was prepared and passive immunization model was established with β1-AA.The bio-chemical parameters of the liver were measured by the automatic serum biochemical analyzer.The liver size, hepatic vein,portal vein velocity were detected by liver ultrasound;hepatocytes apoptosis were tested by tunel stai-ning,annexin V/PI staining and caspase 3 activity detection.Results The biologically active of β1-AA and passive immunization model were established successfully.The ALT and AST of the liver significantly increased and the ALB decreased in the passive immunization process.The apoptosis of the hepatocytes increased,and meto-prolol partially reversed this effect.Conclusions β1-AA may induce hepatocytes apoptosis by β1-adrenergic receptor and participate in the development of liver injury.

Anti-inflammatory effects of compound Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum extract on adjuvant arthritic rats / 中成药

AIM To study the anti-inflammatory effects of compound Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum extract on adjuvant arthritic rats.METHODS The rats,except for those assigned into a blank group,were induced to be the adjuvant arthritis models by Freund's complete adjuvant and randomly divided into model group,Prednisone Acetate Tablets group,Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets group,and compound Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum extract groups (1 000 mg/kg high-dose group,500 mg/kg medium-dose group,and 250 mg/kg low-dose group) to observe changes in body weight,mental state,and extent of joints injury.Post-treatment levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and PGE-2 were determined by ELISA,and the pathological changes of ankle joints were assessed by HE staining.RESULTS Significantly lower body weight and IL-10 level,markedly higher levels of TNF-α,IL-6,PGE-2,and joints injury in the model group than those in the blank group were observed (P ＜0.01).Such indices also revealed the significant superiority in the high-dose,medium-dose groups of compound Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum extract and the positive control group as compared with the model group.CONCLUSION Compound Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum extract highlights the rheumatoid arthritis management through proinflammatory cytokines secretion reduction,the antiinflammatory factors improvement,and the inflammatory reaction and tissue damage alleviation.

Development of Bariatric and Metabolic Endoscopy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>With the evolution of society and changes in human lifestyle, obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and coronary heart disease are more common. As a result, new devices and methods for bariatric and metabolic endoscopy are being developed for clinical use, offering new options for patients. This review discussed the progress in bariatric and metabolic endoscopy.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>This review was based on data in articles published in the PubMed database up to September 2017, with the following keywords: "obesity", "endoscopy", "weight loss", and "metabolism".</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Original articles about various endoscopic methods of weight loss and other reviews of bariatric and metabolic endoscopy were included and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The technology of bariatric and metabolic endoscopy has advanced rapidly in recent years. The intragastric balloon (IGB), with its comparatively long period of development, is the most mature and widely used instrument. Multiple new endoscopic devices have been created in recent years, with different targets to achieve weight loss. Despite the proliferation of new devices, the lack of clinical data results in a shortage of clinical experience and instruction in the use of this new equipment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bariatric and metabolic endoscopy would help obese people lose weight or prepare for bariatric surgery and hopefully alleviate some of the complications of bariatric procedures. Adequate studies and data are still needed for the new endoscopic devices.</p>

Anticoagulation Effect and Bleeding Risk of Combination Therapy with SAFI and Aspirin / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of combination therapy with salvianolate injection (SAFI) and aspirin on anti-platelet aggregation and blood coagulation function, provide the experimental evidence for clinical consequence use of combination therapy with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. METHODS: The bleeding time was measured by cutting tail evaluating of combination of drugs; platelet maximum aggregation rate induced by ADP, AA, collagen and thrombin in rats was determined by absorbance method using a microplate reader; blood coagulation of the four indicators were measured by the semiautomatic blood agglutination instrument. RESULTS: SAFI had nearly no effects on aspirin group's bleeding time. The effect on blood platelets aggregation compared with control group, SAFI group and aspirin group could significantly reduce platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA, collagen and thrombin in normal rats(P<0.01). Combinative group could significantly increase aspirin group's anti-platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA, collagen and thrombin in normal rats(P<0.01, P<0.05). Coagulation function SAFI can reduced aspirin group's TT after the combination therapy. CONCLUSION: SAFI can increase anticoagulation effect of aspirin, and have no effect on aspirin's bleeding risk.

Quality of realgar and its influencing factors based on toxicity / 中国中药杂志

The results of a toxicity analysis showed differences from those of the existing experimental data. Therefore, HPLC-ICP-MS was used to analyze the soluble arsenic content at different valences in realgar prepared with water grind processing, which were collected from 3 companies. The results showed that the free arsenic of the 3 companies did not exceed the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, if the free arsenic was calculated based on the total value of As(Ⅲ) + As(Ⅴ), free arsenic of 1 company exceeded the limit of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The method of determining free arsenic in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. was ancient Cai's arsenic detection method, which had a certain limitation and failed to effectively avoid the toxicity of remaining arsenics except for trivalent arsenic. Then, we examined the effects of water and temperature on the content and form of soluble arsenic in realgar. The results showed that the content of soluble arsenic increased with the rise of water content, and the form of soluble arsenic did not change, there were only As (Ⅲ) and As (Ⅴ); With the simple temperature factor, there was an increasing trend in the content of soluble arsenic in the samples, the maximum increment was As (Ⅲ) 2.489 mg•g⁻¹ and As (Ⅴ) 0.546 mg•g⁻¹; When water and temperature played an synergistic effect, the increase of soluble arsenic in the samples significantly changed, the maximum increment was As (Ⅲ) 23.690 mg•g⁻¹, As (Ⅴ) 0.468 mg•g⁻¹, respectively. Through comprehensive analysis, we believed that the quality of realgar was susceptible to water content and temperature. Both of the single effect of water content and the synergistic effect of water and temperature can significantly change the content of soluble arsenic in realgar, and the water content was a high-risk factor. In the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 version, the free arsenic detection method had limitations, hence new techniques shall be introduced; At the same time, realgar does not have a water content inspection item in the current pharmacopoeia, which shall be added. However, due to the limit of water content, more in-depth studies are required.

Single-allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy versus Multi-allergen Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Children with Allergic Rhinitis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

It has always been controversial whether a single allergen performs better than multiple allergens in polysensitized patients during the allergen-specific immunotherapy.This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of single-allergen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) versus multi-allergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and to discover the change of the biomarker IL-4 after 1-year immunotherapy in polysensitized children aged 6-13 years with allergic rhinitis (AR) induced by house dust mites (HDMs).The AR polysensitized children (n=78) were randomly divided into two groups:SLIT group and SCIT group.Patients in the SLIT group sublingually received a single HDM extract and those in the SCIT group were subcutaneously given multiple-allergen extracts (HDM in combination with other clinically relevant allergen extracts).Before and 1 year after the allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT),the total nasal symptom scores (TNSS),total medication scores (TMS) and IL-4 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were compared respectively between the two groups.The results showed that the TNSS were greatly improved,and the TMS and IL-4 levels were significantly decreased after 1-year ASIT in both groups (SLIT group:P＜0.001;SCIT group:P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in any outcome measures between the two groups (for TNSS:P＞0.05;for TMS:P＞0.05;for IL-4 levels:P＞0.05).It was concluded that the clinical efficacy of single-allergen SLIT is comparable with that of multi-allergen SCIT in 6-13-year-old children with HDM-induced AR.

Effect of Qishen Yiqi droplet on adenylate contents in myocardium of cor pulmonale rats / 中国中药杂志

Cor pulmonale rat models were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline(MCT), and the sham group received a single intraperitioneal injection of normal saline. After the model rats received intragastric administration of Qishen Yiqi droplet(QS) for 6 weeks, the contents of adenylate(ATP, ADP and AMP) in right myocardial tissues were measured by HPLC, and then the metabolism changes in myocardium of cor pulmonale rats with QS were investigated. The results showed that ATP, ADP, and AMP were well separated, with a good linearity within a certain range of concentration; and the recovery rates were within the range of 90%-108%. As compared with model group, the level of ATP was significantly elevated in high-dose treatment group; ADP contents showed an increasing trend and AMP contents showed a decreasing trend, indicating that QS could significantly improve energy metabolism system in myocardium. By using the HPLC, a qualitative and quantitative analysis method was given for the determination of ATP, ADP and AMP contents in myocardium, providing a method for energy metabolism measurement in biological samples.

Anti-proliferation effect of zoledronic acid on human colon cancer line SW480

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-proliferation effect and mechanism of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on human colon cancer line SW480.@*METHODS@#SW480 cells were treated with 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μmoL/L of ZOL for 48 h, and CCK-8 assay was employed to obtain the survival rate of SW480 cells. SW480 cells were treated with 25 μmoL/L of ZOL for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, and then the survival rate was obtained. SW480 cells of the ZOL group were treated with 25 μmoL/L of ZOL for 48 h, while cells of the CsA + ZOL group were pretreated with 10 μmoL/L of CsA for 0.5 h and then treated with 25 μmoL/L of ZOL for 48 h. Then the survival rates of SW480 cells of the control group, ZOL group and CsA + ZOL group were determined. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the apoptosis rate and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (△Ψm) of the three groups and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of cyt C in the cytosol of the three groups.@*RESULTS@#ZOL inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells, and the inhibition rate positively correlated with the concentration of ZOL and the action time (P < 0.01). The cell survival rate and the △Ψm of the ZOL group were greatly lower than those of the control group, while the apoptosis rate and the expression of cyt C in the cytosol were obviously higher than those of the control group. All the differences showed distinctly statistical significances (P < 0.01). The cell survival rate and the △Ψm of the CsA + ZOL group were all lower than those of the control group, but substantially higher than those of the ZOL group; while the apoptosis rate and the expression of cyt C in the cytosol were higher than those of the control group, but distinctly lower than those of the ZOL group. All the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ZOL can induce the apoptosis in human colon cancer line SW480 and then inhibit the proliferation of SW480 cells directly by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore abnormally, decreasing △Ψm, and releasing the cyt C into the cytosol. And the effect enhances with the increases of the concentration of ZOL and the action time.